Back Bone

The Internet back bone consists of many different networks. Usually, the term is used to describe large networks that interconnect with each other and may have individual ISPs as clients. For example, a local ISP may provide service for a single town, and connect to a regional provider which has several local ISPs as clients. This regional provider connects to one of the backbone networks, which provides nationwide or worldwide connections.

These back bone providers usually provide connection facilities in many cities for their clients, and they themselves connect with other backbone providers at Internet Exchange Point (IXP)s such as MAE-East in the eastern United States or FreeIX in France. The largest of these IXP's in terms of both throughput and connected peers is the Amsterdam Internet Exchange.

Back bone networks are usually commercial, educational, or government owned, such as military networks. Some large companies that provide backbone connectivity include UUnet (now a division of Verizon), British Telecom, AT&T, Sprint Nextel, France T?l?com, Reliance Communications, VSNL, BSNL, Teleglobe (now a division of VSNL International), Flag Telecom (now a division of Reliance Communications), TeliaSonera, Qwest, Level 3 Communications, AOL, and SAVVIS.

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